Maps 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the approximate amplification factors
for moderate and strong shaking (accelerations on bedrock of 0.1g and 0.4g, respectively),
and for short and long period ground motions (typically affecting short and tall
buildings, respectively*). The amplification factor is the amount by which ground
motion on bedrock (i.e. NEHRP site class B) is multiplied due to soil conditions.
Acceleration of 0.1g represents the approximate onset of damage in buildings not designed
to be earthquake resistant, and 0.4g is the current building code design acceleration for
Victoria (National Research Council of Canada, 1995). Both short and long period ground
motions occur during an earthquake, but usually one type dominates depending on earthquake
magnitude and distance from the source.
Amplification factors decrease as the acceleration on bedrock
increases, and this decrease is more pronounced for short period than
long period ground motions. Short period ground motions can be amplified 2.5 times or more
on soft soils during moderate shaking (Map 5; i.e. to 0.25g, where acceleration on bedrock
is 0.1g). Conversely, relative amplification of short period ground motions due to the
presence of soft soils during strong shaking is minimal, and all areas will be shaken
strongly but more or less equally (Map 7; in this case ~0.4g). Although little
amplification of short period ground motions will occur during strong shaking (Map 7),
moderate shaking is much more likely to occur, so that areas shown as having a high
amplification hazard on Maps 1 and 2 will be subjected to potentially damaging short
period ground motion much more often than low hazard areas. For example in the
Victoria area, shaking of 0.1g on bedrock is more than ten times as likely to occur as
shaking of 0.4g on bedrock. Although amplification of long period ground motions also
diminishes as the intensity of ground shaking increases, it is still significant at 0.4g
(Maps 6 and 8). Thus, in most cases (e.g. Maps 5, 6 and 8) and most often, the
amplification hazard ratings shown on Maps 1 and 2 will reflect the intensity of
amplification due to soil conditions (see relative amplification hazard map and
accompanying report for more details; Monahan et al., 2000b).
The variation in ground motions predicted using
the amplification factors shown here does not exceed the seismic design criteria of the
current building code (National Research Council of Canada, 1995), but could be
significant for structures not governed by the seismic provisions of the code as well as
older structures.
*The critical period of ground motion for a specific building or building
type should be determined by a qualified structural engineer.