Ministry of Energy and Mines
Composite Map 7
Earthquake Hazards Mapping

APPROXIMATE AMPLIFICATION FACTORS FOR DIFFERENT GROUND MOTIONS

MAP 7 illustrates how amplification factors can vary with different strengths and periods of ground motion.

Areas With Strong Shaking & Little Variation From Amplification, Map 7

 LEGEND

 Approximate Amplification Factors Relative to Rock,

NEHRP Site class B

 

Low

wpe44.jpg (908 bytes) ~1
wpe45.jpg (890 bytes)
Moderate   wpe46.jpg (907 bytes) ~1.5
wpe47.jpg (971 bytes)
High wpe48.jpg (971 bytes) >~2.5

Map 7. amplification factors for short period ground motions at a strong level of shaking on bedrock. Note that in this case, there is little difference in amplification due to soil conditions across the area, and all areas will be shaken strongly but more or less equally (i.e.~04g).

Maps 5, 6, 7 and 8 show the approximate amplification factors for moderate and strong shaking (accelerations on bedrock of 0.1g and 0.4g, respectively), and for short and long period ground motions (typically affecting short and tall buildings, respectively*). The amplification factor is the amount by which ground motion on bedrock (i.e. NEHRP site class B) is multiplied due to soil conditions. Acceleration of 0.1g represents the approximate onset of damage in buildings not designed to be earthquake resistant, and 0.4g is the current building code design acceleration for Victoria (National Research Council of Canada, 1995). Both short and long period ground motions occur during an earthquake, but usually one type dominates depending on earthquake magnitude and distance from the source.

Amplification factors decrease as the acceleration on bedrock increases, and this decrease is more pronounced for short period than long period ground motions. Short period ground motions can be amplified 2.5 times or more on soft soils during moderate shaking (Map 5; i.e. to 0.25g, where acceleration on bedrock is 0.1g). Conversely, relative amplification of short period ground motions due to the presence of soft soils during strong shaking is minimal, and all areas will be shaken strongly but more or less equally (Map 7; in this case ~0.4g). Although little amplification of short period ground motions will occur during strong shaking (Map 7), moderate shaking is much more likely to occur, so that areas shown as having a high amplification hazard on Maps 1 and 2 will be subjected to potentially damaging short period ground motion much more often than low hazard areas. For example in the Victoria area, shaking of 0.1g on bedrock is more than ten times as likely to occur as shaking of 0.4g on bedrock. Although amplification of long period ground motions also diminishes as the intensity of ground shaking increases, it is still significant at 0.4g (Maps 6 and 8). Thus, in most cases (e.g. Maps 5, 6 and 8) and most often, the amplification hazard ratings shown on Maps 1 and 2 will reflect the intensity of amplification due to soil conditions (see relative amplification hazard map and accompanying report for more details; Monahan et al., 2000b).

The variation in ground motions predicted using the amplification factors shown here does not exceed the seismic design criteria of the current building code (National Research Council of Canada, 1995), but could be significant for structures not governed by the seismic provisions of the code as well as older structures.

*The critical period of ground motion for a specific building or building type should be determined by a qualified structural engineer.

 

Last Updated August 30, 2000